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Global depositary receipt (GDR)
In order to raise money in more than one market, some companies sell their share on markets in countries other than the one where they have their headquarters. To do it, they issue global depositary receipts (GDRs) in the currency of the country where the share is trading. For example, a Mexican company might offer GDRs priced in pounds in London and in yen in Tokyo. Individual investors in the countries where the GDRs are issued buy them to diversify into international markets without having to deal with currency conversion and other complications of overseas investing. However, since GDRs are frequently offered by newer or less-known companies, the prices are often volatile and the shares may be thinly traded. That makes buying GDRs riskier than buying domestic shares.

Global fund
Global, or world, mutual funds invest in U.S. securities as well as those of other countries. In that way, they differ from international funds, which invest only in non-U.S. markets. Although global funds may keep as much as 75% of their assets invested in the U.S., fund managers are able to take advantage of opportunities they see in a variety of overseas markets.

Go long
When you go long, you buy a security or other financial product that you intend to hold for a period of time or one that you expect to increase in value so that you can sell it at a profit. Going long is the opposite of going short, which means you sell an investment, usually because you expect it to decline in value in the near future. If you're buying and selling futures contracts, you go long when you enter a contract to buy and you go short when you enter a contract to sell.

Go short
When you go short, you either enter a futures contract to sell, or you borrow shares, sell the borrowed shares at their current market price, and pocket the money, minus commission. The reason you go short with a share, which is also known as selling short, is because you expect the share's price to decline in the near future. If it does, you can buy shares at the lower price and return the number you borrowed, plus interest/charges. The amount you make on the transaction depends on the difference between the price at which you sold and the price at which you can repurchase the shares, plus the amount of time you have to wait for the price to drop. However, there is always the risk that the price will remain stable or even increase, which could mean losing money on the transaction.

Gold standard
The gold standard is a monetary system that measures the relative value of a currency against a specific amount of gold. Developed in England in the early 18th century, when the scientist Sir Isaac Newton was Master of the English Mint, the gold standard was used throughout the world by the late 19th century. The U.S. was on the gold standard until 1971, when it stopped redeeming its paper currency for gold.

Golden Share
A share with special voting rights that give it peculiar power vis-à-vis other share. The term applies particularly to share retained by a government after privatisation. If a government wishes to sell off a company in a sensitive industry (e.g. defense) and yet retain control, it can hold on to a golden share. This might give it the right to veto any takeover bid.

Good will
When analysts estimate the value of a company, they look first at the value of its tangible assets, or what it owns. But they also look at its good will, a term that covers the intangible value such as, its reputation, its satisfied clients, and its productive work force — factors that are considered evidence of the corporation's potential to produce strong earnings.

Gross domestic product (GDP)
The total value of all the goods and services produced within a country's borders is described as its gross domestic product. When that figure is adjusted for inflation, it is called the real gross domestic product, and it's generally used to measure the growth of the country's economy.

Guaranteed Coupon (GTD)
Bonds issued by a subsidiary corporation and guaranteed as to principal and/or interest by the parent corporation.